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  <title type="html">Euro-Mediterranean Information System on know-how in the Water sector - Climate Change</title>
  <subtitle type="html">Climate change is the variation in the Earth's global climate or in regional
  climates over time. It involves changes in the variability or average state
  of the atmosphere over durations ranging from decades to millions of years.
  These changes can be caused by dynamic process on Earth, external forces
  including variations in sunlight intensity, and more recently by human
  activities.&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
  In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term
  "climate change" often refers to changes in modern climate (global warming).
  &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
  Climate change is one of the most critical global challenges of our time.
  Recent events have emphatically demonstrated our growing vulnerability to
  climate change. Climate change impacts will range from affecting
  agriculture- further endangering food security-, sea-level rise and the
  accelerated erosion of coastal zones, increasing intensity of natural
  disasters, species extinction and the spread of vector-borne diseases.&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;</subtitle>
  <updated>2012-02-22T18:52:12Z</updated>
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2012-02-22:/topics/climatechange</id>
  <icon>http://www.emwis.net/misc_/SEMIDE/Site.gif</icon>
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        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange"/>
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        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/index_atom"/>
  
  <generator version="1.0" uri="http://www.emwis.net">Euro-Mediterranean Information System on know-how in the Water sector</generator>

  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Time to Adapt - Climate Change and the European Water Dimension: Vulnerability - Impacts – Adaptation - 12 - 14 February 2007, Berlin</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/url104820" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2010-10-27:/topics/climatechange/url104820</id>
  <updated>2010-10-27T06:19:48Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en"></summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">The Spanish Adaptation Plan to Climate Change and the Water Resources Sector</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/sdc596184" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2008-09-02:/topics/climatechange/sdc596184</id>
  <updated>2008-09-02T18:05:52Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">Presentation given during the international conference: "Time to adapt - Climate Change and the Water Resources Sector", held in Berlin on 13 February 2007; by José Ramón Picatoste Ruggeroni, Oficina Española de Cambio Climático - Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (Spain)</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Climate change, water and adaptation in agriculture</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/sdc178895" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2008-09-02:/topics/climatechange/sdc178895</id>
  <updated>2008-09-02T18:05:52Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">Presentation given by &lt;A href="mailto:ana.iglesias@upm.es"&gt;Ana Iglesias&lt;/A&gt; (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain) during the international conference: "Time to Adapt - Climate Change and the European Water Dimension: Vulnerability - Impacts – Adaptation - 12 - 14 February 2007, Berlin"</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Changement climatique et évènements hydrologiques extrêmes : quels liens ?</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/sdc046316" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2008-09-02:/topics/climatechange/sdc046316</id>
  <updated>2008-09-02T18:05:52Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">&lt;P&gt;Le changement climatique a-t-il des effets sur le régime hydrologique des cours d’eau en France ? C’est une des questions que s’est posé Benjamin Renard dans le cadre de sa thèse soutenue au Cemagref, à Lyon. Il a pour cela mené une étude statistique sur l’évolution des évènements hydrologiques extrêmes en France au cours des 50 dernières années. Diffi cile de discerner le rôle du climat dans les résultats obtenus.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;La lettre du CEMAGREF: N°78, Janvier 2007&lt;/P&gt;</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Draft questionnaire on the impacts of climate change on water resources, and on adaptation strategies prepared by the ad hoc core group on water and climate</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/url817533" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2010-10-26:/topics/climatechange/url817533</id>
  <updated>2010-10-26T23:10:51Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en"></summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Rainwater Harvesting &amp;amp; Climate Change</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/rainwater-harvesting-climate-change" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2008-09-02:/topics/climatechange/rainwater-harvesting-climate-change</id>
  <updated>2008-09-02T18:05:52Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en"></summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">2007/2008 Human Development Report tackles climate change</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/sdc275815" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2008-09-02:/topics/climatechange/sdc275815</id>
  <updated>2008-09-02T18:05:52Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">&lt;table style="width: 552px; height: 294px;" border="0"&gt;
   &lt;tbody&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
     &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2007-2008/"&gt;&lt;img
     style="width: 160px; height: 210px;" src="../images/1447906" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;

     &lt;td&gt;The report warns that the world should focus on the development
     impact of climate change, which could bring unprecedented reversals in
     poverty reduction, nutrition, health and education.&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
   &lt;/tbody&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Climate change impacts in the Mediterranean resulting from a 2°C global temperature rise</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/climate-change-impacts-mediterranean-resulting-2c" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2008-09-02:/topics/climatechange/climate-change-impacts-mediterranean-resulting-2c</id>
  <updated>2008-09-02T18:05:52Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">A report for WWF, 1 July 2005, by C. Giannakopoulos, M. Bindi, M. Moriondo, P. LeSager and T. Tin</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Climate Change and Energy in the Mediterranean</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/climate-change-and-energy-mediterranean" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2010-10-26:/topics/climatechange/climate-change-and-energy-mediterranean</id>
  <updated>2010-10-26T15:24:45Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">&lt;p&gt;
Plan Bleu, Regional Activity Center, Sophia Antipolis, July 2008.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="center"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.planbleu.org/publications/changement_clim_energie_med_EN.pdf"&gt;English version&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.planbleu.org/publications/changement_clim_energie_med_FR.pdf"&gt;French version&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 
&lt;/p&gt;
</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">A new report updates climate change science </title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/new-report-updates-climate-change-science" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2009-10-02:/topics/climatechange/new-report-updates-climate-change-science</id>
  <updated>2009-10-02T12:08:56Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en"></summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Guidance on Water and Adaptation to Climate Change released and adopted by Water Convention Parties‏</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/guidance-water-and-adaptation-climate-change" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2009-11-23:/topics/climatechange/guidance-water-and-adaptation-climate-change</id>
  <updated>2009-11-23T17:15:16Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>rosanna gallo</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>rosanna gallo</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">&lt;p&gt;
We are pleased to announce that the Guidance on Water and Adaptation to
Climate Change was released and adopted by the fifth session of the Meeting
of the Parties to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's
Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and
International Lakes (Water Convention) which took place on 10-12 November in
Geneva.
the Guidance is a unique tool which explains step-by-step
how to develop and implement an adaptation strategy, with a special focus on
the transboundary context. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Based on the concept of integrated water
resources management, the Guidance provides advice to decision makers and
water managers on how to assess impacts of climate change on water quantity
and quality, how to perform risk assessment, including health risks, how to
gauge vulnerability, and how to design and implement appropriate adaptation
strategies. More than 80 different authors from many countries and
disciplines contributed to this truly cooperative effort which contains
nearly 40 case studies.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
The Guidance will be launched and presented at a side event at the COP-15 in
Copenhagen on 16 December at 11 a.m. in the Dutch Pavillion. This side event
will focus on transboundary cooperation on adaptation to climate change and
will feature several partly high-level speakers, for example from the
Netherlands, Germany, UNECE and countries with economies in transition. If
you are in Copenhagen we would like to invite you or your colleagues to this
event.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
More information on the meeting is available at:
&lt;a href="http://www.unece.org/env/water/mop5.htm" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.unece.org/env/water/mop5.htm&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Arab Environment: Impact of Climate Change on the Arab Countries’ (AFED) Report 2009</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/arab-environment-impact-climate-change-arab" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2009-11-24:/topics/climatechange/arab-environment-impact-climate-change-arab</id>
  <updated>2009-11-24T15:30:54Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">&lt;table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="900" background="images/english_03.jpg"&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td width="429" height="118"&gt;
			&lt;p class="textafed" align="justify"&gt;
			&amp;lsquo;Impact
			of Climate Change on the Arab Countries&amp;rsquo; is the second of a series of
			annual reports produced by the Arab Forum for Environment and
			Development (AFED). The first, released in 2008 under the title &amp;lsquo;Arab
			Environment: Future Challenges&amp;rsquo;, covered the most pressing
			environmental issues facing the region. The 2009 AFED report is
			designed to provide information to governments, business, academia and
			the public about the impact of climate change on the Arab countries,
			and encourage concrete action to face the challenge. &lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;
			&lt;/p&gt;
			&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td width="471"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td height="277" valign="top"&gt;
			&lt;p class="textafed"&gt;
			The
			report analyzes the Arab response to the urgent need for adaptation
			measures, and uses the latest research findings to describe the
			vulnerabilities of natural and human systems in the Arab world to
			climate change and the impacts on different sectors. In an attempt to
			help shape adequate policies, the report discusses options for a
			post-Kyoto regime and outlines the state of international negotiations
			in this regard.
			&lt;/p&gt;
			&lt;p class="textafed"&gt;
			&lt;a href="http://www.afedonline.org/afedreport09/main.asp"&gt;Click here to access the Content &lt;br /&gt;
			of the Report.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
			&lt;br /&gt;
			&lt;a href="http://www.afedonline.org/afedreport09/Full%20English%20Report.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;            or Download the Full Version of the Report &lt;br /&gt;
			in PDF Version. (Right Click and Save Target as)&lt;/a&gt;
			&lt;/p&gt;
			&lt;p class="textafed"&gt;
			--&lt;br /&gt;
			&lt;a href="http://www.afedonline.org/afedreport09/english/Char6.pdf"&gt;Impact of Climate Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation&lt;br /&gt;
			Fresh Water &lt;/a&gt;
			&lt;/p&gt;
			&lt;p class="textafed"&gt;
			&lt;a href="http://www.afedonline.org/afedreport09/default_ar.asp"&gt;Arabic version of the full report&lt;/a&gt; 
			&lt;/p&gt;
			&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">The Copenhagen Diagnosis: Climate Science Report</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/copenhagen-diagnosis-climate-science-report" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2009-11-24:/topics/climatechange/copenhagen-diagnosis-climate-science-report</id>
  <updated>2009-11-24T22:16:25Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">&lt;p&gt;
It is more than three years since the drafting of text was completed
for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth
Assessment Report (AR4). In the meantime, many hundreds of papers have
been published on a suite of topics related to human-induced climate
change.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
The purpose of this report   is to synthesize the most policy-relevant climate science 
published since the   close-off of material for the last IPCC report. The rationale is two-fold.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
First,
this report serves as an interim evaluation of the evolving science
midway through an IPCC cycle - IPCC AR5 is not due for completion until
2013.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Second, and most important, the report serves as a handbook of science
updates that supplements the IPCC AR4 in time for Copenhagen in
December 2009, and any national or international climate change policy
negotiations that follow.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
This report covers the range of topics evaluated by   Working Group I of the IPCC, namely the Physical Science Basis.   This 
includes:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt; an analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and their   atmospheric concentrations, as well as the global carbon cycle;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt; coverage of   the atmosphere, the land-surface, the oceans, and all of the major components of   the cryosphere (land-ice, 
	glaciers, ice shelves, sea-ice and   permafrost);&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;paleoclimate, extreme events, sea level, future projections,   abrupt change and tipping points;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt; separate boxes devoted to explaining some   of the common misconceptions surrounding climate change science.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
The
report has been purposefully written with a target readership of
policy-makers, stakeholders, the media and the broader public. Each
section begins with a set of key points that summarises the main
findings. The science contained in the report is based on the most
credible and significant peer-reviewed literature available at the time
of publication. The authors primarily comprise previous IPCC lead
authors familiar with the rigor and completeness required for a
scientific assessment of this nature. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
--
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="left"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Download full report:&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;a href="http://www.ccrc.unsw.edu.au/Copenhagen/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_HIGH.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;High resolution PDF (23.3 MB)&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="left"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Download full report:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_LOW.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Low resolution PDF (3.3 MB)&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="left"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Download figures:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_FIGURES.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (4.4 MB)&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_FIGURES.ppt" target="_blank"&gt;PPT (17.2 MB)&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="left"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Read full report online:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/read/default.html" target="_blank"&gt;Flip book&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 align="left"&gt;Download Executive summary&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;العربية (Arabic):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_Arabic.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (144 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;বাংলা বই (Bangali):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_Bangali.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (32 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;span align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;汉语/漢語&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt; (Chinese):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_Chinese.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (132 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;English:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_English.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (166 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fran&amp;ccedil;ais (French):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_French.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (144 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deutsch (German):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_German.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (146 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;हिन्दी (Hindi):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_Hindi.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (82 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_Indonesian.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (160 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Portugu&amp;ecirc;s (Portuguese):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_Portuguese.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (167 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Российская (Russian):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_Russian.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (140 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espa&amp;ntilde;ol (Spanish):&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.com/download/Copenhagen_Diagnosis_ES_Spanish.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;PDF (145 KB)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align="left"&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
</summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html"></title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/les-changements-climatiques-et-usages-en-eau-dans" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2010-01-21:/topics/climatechange/les-changements-climatiques-et-usages-en-eau-dans</id>
  <updated>2010-01-21T12:05:48Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en"></summary>



  </entry>
  <entry>
    

  <title type="html">Adaptation Strategies for The Mediterranean Basin</title>
  <link type="text/html" rel="alternate"
        href="http://www.emwis.net/topics/climatechange/adaptation-strategies-mediterranean-basin" />
  <id>tag:www.emwis.net,2010-10-25:/topics/climatechange/adaptation-strategies-mediterranean-basin</id>
  <updated>2010-10-25T14:47:23Z</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Jauad El-Kharraz</name>
  </contributor>
  <summary type="html" xml:lang="en">&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px"&gt;The Mediterranean region is at the crossroads of the most important environmental, economic, and political concern of the early twenty-first century. In particular, this region is ecologically fragile and its environment is already degraded to the point of penalising the population and economic development. The expected climate change during this century is therefore a particularly important challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h5 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Water and Uncertainty&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px"&gt;By the end of the century, the average annual temperature on the Mediterranean will probably rise by between 2.2 and 5.1&amp;deg;C, well above the global average. This warming should be definitely detectable in 15 to 25 years depending on the season. The maximum warming is expected to be in summer, with an increase between 2.7 and 6.5&amp;deg;C, against 1.7 and 4.6&amp;deg;C in winter. An increase in the number, duration, and intensity of heat waves is also expected.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Rainfall totals are likely to decline&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;between 4 and 27%, with a particularly marked decline in summer, which could reach 53%. Water availability will decrease, especially on the southern shore of the Mediterranean which is already vulnerable to water shortage. Despite this decrease, the frequency of extreme precipitation may not decline and could even increase.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;The risk of increased water shortages seems very likely&lt;/strong&gt;. These changes will be accompanied by a rise in sea level which is at present very difficult to predict.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</summary>



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