4-Day Master Course Pre-treatment, Membrane Fouling and Scaling

The course includes theory and practice of pre-treatment, fouling and scaling in ultra- and micro-filtration applied for drinking and industrial water production. The impact of the water source – seawater, river water, brackish groundwater and (treated domestic) waste water – will be discussed in depth.

Topics:

Introduction
– Desalination and membrane related technologies. Water sources, applications, capacities and cost.

Ultra- and microfiltration
– Summarizing principles. Membrane materials, pore size, flux, normalizing permeability and fouling mechanisms.
– Overview ultra- and micro-filtration elements and systems.
– Fouling in MF/UF systems, fouling control and pre-treatment.

Reverse osmosis and nano-filtration
–  Summarizing principles. Flux, salt passage, rejection and
    concentration polarization.
–  Overview of RO and NF membranes and elements. Single 
     and multiple staging.
–  Summarizing process design of RO systems with spiral  
    wound elements. Osmotic pressure,Net driving pressure. 
    Permeate quality and flux.
–  Normalizing data in RO and NF systems in practice.
–  Fouling in RO and NF systems. Spacer and bundle fouling. 
    Suspended and colloidal matter, iron and manganese, 
    biofouling, organic fouling and scaling.
–  Conventional pre-treatment techniques for RO and NF.
    Media filtration, coagulation, sedimentation and flotation.

Particulate fouling and pre-treatment
–  Fouling due to suspended and colloidal matter. Mechanisms of fouling.

Parameters to predict fouling. SDI/MFI (0.45) and MFI-UF.
–  Value of fouling predictions with SDI/MFI (0.45) in RO/NF and UF systems.
–  Fouling due to algae and Transparent exo polymers in RO/NF and UF systems.
–  Fouling due to coagulants in RO/NF systems.
–  Pre-treatment in practice for removal of suspended and colloidal matter for 
    RO/NF.
–  Fouling control of iron and manganese in groundwater. Bio-fouling and
    pre-treatment
–  Pre-treatment for bio-fouling, principles, parameters AOC and 
    BDOC,membrane fouling simulator, biocides.
–  Fouling due to organic matter. Oil compounds, anti-scalants and coagulant
    aids.
–  Fouling control in membrane bio-reactors.

Scaling and anti-scalants
–  Principles of scaling and prediction with computer program.
–  Manual calculations of scaling due to silica, calcium, barium strontium 
    sulphate and calcium fluoride.

Calculation of the Stiff and Davis Index to predict scaling of calcium carbonate.
–  Scaling in seawater reverse osmosis.
–  Scaling control, monitoring and anti-scalants. Chemical cleaning in place 
    (CIP)